فصلنامه پژوهش های پولی - بانکی
پیاپی 42 (زمستان 1398)

Banks play an important role in economic development. The access to bank financing allows many firms to carry out investment projects, which prompt economic development. Numerous studies have underlined that monetary policy is a key element in determining banks’ loan supply. Monetary development raises the scope of monetary policy and improves policy performance. This study examines the effect of monetary development on banks’ loan supply in various banks in Iran. In this Article, Iranian banks were categorized into three types; i.e. state, private, and Principle 44. The analysis is performed using the Seemingly Unrelated regression over the period of 2011 to 2017. The results indicated that monetary development has positive and significant effects on the banks’ loan supply by various types of Iranian banks, as a result, banks are following the policies of the central bank. The results also showed that state banks and Principle 44 banks were more influenced by central bank policies than private banks, or that most of these policies were accompanied.Other variables include interest rates on facilities, GDP and internal variables of banks, capital adequacy ratio, and share of cash assets from total assets and size of the bank also have a significant impact in this regard.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bank loan portfolio diversification and market structure on the financial stability of banks in the countrychr('39')s capital market. In order to achieve the above goal, the financial data of 17 banks have been used as unbalanced panels in the period from 2005 to 2018. In this study, data analysis was performed using fixed effects models and generalized method of moments (GMM). The results show that diversification and market centralized structure have a positive and significant effect on bankschr('39') financial stability, and the effect of loan diversification on financial stability depends on the level of market concentration. Also, by examining the effect of independent variables on the components of financial stability index, the results show that the diversity of loan portfolio and bank market structure has a positive effect on return on assets and a negative and significant effect on deviation of return on assets. It had a negative effect on the ratio of capital to assets.

The term investment deposits are one of the important modes of mobilization of resources in the Iranian banking system that are eligible for a certain provisional profit. According to the bank’s agency in this term of deposits, the appliance of Provisional Profit and its periodic payment to depositors before calculating of actual profit at the end of the fiscal year, are for incentives of customer’s improvement. Regardless of these advantages, there are some questions about Provisional Profit. One of the most important questions is that "can bank guarantee Provisional Profit for depositors in investment deposits?". By using the descriptive-analytical methodology and jurisprudential survey of agreeing and opposite views, this paper shows the current provisional profit assurance via bank encounter with some obstacles, but there are some legitimate solutions. According to the Plan of I.R. Iran Banking, this research offers a corrective suggestion for the plan finally.

This study aims to determine the factors affecting the Implementation of Universal Banking. For this purpose, 50 factors were identified through the study of literature and interviews with experts and managers of the banking industry who had experienced in Universal banking implementation. These factors were classified into six categories: customer, infrastructure, process, structure, human resources, and regulations. Then, fuzzy cognitive mapping was used to identify the axial factors of the model. The results showed that providing products tailored to customerschr('39') needs is more focused than other factors. Then, an interpretive structural modeling approach was used to design the model. The results showed that infrastructure factors as the base level had a significant effect on other factors. In addition, factors of compliance with laws and regulations, manpower and structure at the second level, and process factors at the third level and the factors associated with the customer were at the last level. The analysis of MICMAC also showed that infrastructure factors are independent variables and affect other variables but have little dependence on the system. Customer-related factors and process improvement are included in the category of dependent variables. These variables have little influence but are highly dependent on other variables.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting Iranchr('39')s income inequality in the period 1352 to 1396. For this purpose, causal relationships were first investigated using Hsiao and Toda-Yamamato causality tests. Then the effects of effective factors were estimated using error correction patterns.The results of causal tests in general showed that there is a causal relationship between income inequality with consumption variables, GDP per capita, trade and primary education. The results of error correction models also showed that increasing literacy, reducing money supply, reducing economic growth, increasing consumption and reducing financial development increase income inequality in the long run. But they do not have a significant effect on income inequality in the short run.The results of the study contain the policy message that policymakers should focus on elementary education (as opposed to higher education) to reduce income inequality.

Generally, one of the important issue in open macroeconomics and international finance literature is the innovations of exchange rate regimes, and exchange rate unification policy is one of the most important reforming policies in developing and emerging countries. By considering the experience of other emerging countries for exchange rates unification policy in this study, it will be investigated that what is the role of inflation targeting for the implementation of the exchange rate unification policy? Moreover, it will be examined that can inflation targeting reduces the inflationary effects of this policy? For this purpose, the difference-in-differences approach is employed to estimate the effects of this policy using panel data during the period 1984-2016. According to the results, in countries which applied exchange rate unification policy, the lower inflation has been experienced in inflation targeting countries. However, the role of macroeconomic conditions and the economic environment have been important.